Sainte-Pélagie was a prison in Paris from 1790 to 1895. It saw many famous prisoners during the French revolution, with Madame Roland and Grace Dalrymple Elliott being the only female prisoners. After the revolution, the Marquis de Sade was imprisoned here, as was the young mathematician Évariste Galois. During the July Monarchy, the "April insurgees" were also detained there, and some managed to escape through an underground tunnel. Gustave Courbet was also imprisoned here for his activities in the Paris Commune. He painted a self portrait titled, Self-Portrait at Ste.-Pélagie.